Marian Ignacy Morawski

The chapter examines Marian Ignacy Morawski as one of the leading Polish nineteenth-century apologists and neo-scholastic philosophers. His work responded to positivism, materialism, evolutionism, and other currents that challenged the metaphysical and religious foundations of the Christian worldview. Morawski addressed the relationship between philosophy and theology, the teleological interpretation of nature, human freedom, and natural law. A central concern of his apologetics was the defence of the harmony between faith and reason, and the conviction that advances in the natural sciences need not lead to the rejection of religion. The chapter also identifies the historical limitations of his approach, which remained strongly rooted in neo-scholastic metaphysics.